FAQs Electrical Engineering
1. What is
electrical engineering?
Answer: Electrical
engineering is a field of engineering that deals with the study and application
of electricity, electronics, and electromagnetism.
2. What is BS in Electrical Engineering?
Answer: A Bachelor of
Science (BS) in Electrical Engineering is a four-year undergraduate degree
program that focuses on the study of electricity, electronics, and
electromagnetism. The curriculum typically covers topics such as circuit
analysis, digital systems, signal processing, power systems, control systems,
and communication systems. Graduates can pursue careers in fields such as power
generation and distribution, telecommunications, electronics, and computer
hardware.
3. What are the 3 main branches of electrical engineering?
Answer: The 3 main branches of electrical engineering are power engineering, control systems engineering, and electronics engineering.
4. What subjects do you need for electrical engineering?
Answer: To study electrical engineering, you typically need a strong foundation in mathematics, physics, and chemistry. Specific subjects you may need to study include calculus, differential equations, linear algebra, circuit analysis, electronics, electromagnetics, control systems, computer programming, and materials science. Some electrical engineering programs may also require courses in communication systems, power systems, and signal processing.
5. What are the
core areas of electrical engineering?
Answer: The core areas
of electrical engineering include power systems, control systems, electronics,
telecommunications, and computer engineering.
6. What are the job
prospects for electrical engineers?
Answer: Electrical
engineering is a highly in-demand field with many job opportunities in
industries such as telecommunications, energy, manufacturing, and electronics.
7. Why should i study Electrical Engineering?
Answer: There are several reasons why you might consider studying electrical engineering:
a. Career opportunities: Electrical engineering is a field that offers many career opportunities in a wide range of industries, from power generation to telecommunications to consumer electronics.
b. Problem-solving skills: As an electrical engineer, you'll develop strong problem-solving skills that can be applied to a variety of situations. You'll learn how to approach complex problems by breaking them down into smaller, more manageable pieces.
c. Innovation: Electrical engineering is a field that is constantly evolving, with new technologies and applications being developed all the time. As an electrical engineer, you'll have the opportunity to work on projects that have the potential to change the world.
d. Job satisfaction: Many electrical engineers find their work to be intellectually stimulating and rewarding. They enjoy the challenge of solving complex problems and the sense of accomplishment that comes from seeing their designs come to life.
e. Good salary: Electrical engineers are typically well-compensated for their work, with competitive salaries and benefits packages.
8. Which engineering has highest salary?
Answer: According to various studies and reports, the engineering field with the highest average salary is often petroleum engineering, followed by computer engineering, electrical engineering, and mechanical engineering. However, it's important to note that salaries can vary widely depending on factors such as education level, work experience, geographic location, industry, and job position. Additionally, engineering is a broad field with many different specialties, so salaries can vary greatly within each discipline.
9. Which course is best in engineering?
What are the top 4 Engineering branches? Which branch of engineering is the best?
Answer: The "best" course in engineering depends on your interests, skills, and career goals. Engineering is a diverse field with many different specialties, so it's important to choose a course that aligns with your strengths and passions. Some popular engineering disciplines include:
a. Computer Science and Engineering
b. Electrical Engineering
c. Mechanical Engineering
d. Civil Engineering
e. Chemical Engineering
f. Aerospace Engineering
g. Biomedical Engineering
h. Environmental Engineering
i. Industrial Engineering
Ultimately, the "best" engineering course is one that you enjoy and that provides you with the skills and knowledge to pursue a successful and fulfilling career.
10. What skills are
required for electrical engineering?
Answer: Skills required
for electrical engineering include strong problem-solving abilities, analytical
thinking, and proficiency in mathematics and physics.
11. Which engineering is best in Pakistan?
Answer: There is no single "best" engineering discipline in Pakistan. All branches of engineering are in demand and offer excellent career prospects in Pakistan. Some of the most popular engineering disciplines in Pakistan include:
a. Electrical and Electronics Engineering
b. Mechanical Engineering
c. Civil Engineering
d. Chemical Engineering
e. Computer Engineering
f. Industrial Engineering
Ultimately, the best engineering discipline to study in Pakistan depends on your interests, skills, and career goals. It's important to choose a discipline that aligns with your strengths and passion, and that offers good job prospects and career opportunities in Pakistan.
12. What is the
difference between electrical engineering and electronics engineering?
Answer: Electrical
engineering focuses on the study and application of electrical systems and
devices, while electronics engineering deals with the design and development of
electronic circuits and components.
13.What is the role
of electrical engineers in the energy industry?
Answer: Electrical
engineers are responsible for designing, developing, and maintaining power
systems that generate, transmit, and distribute electricity to homes and
businesses.
14. What is the role
of electrical engineers in the telecommunications industry?
Answer: Electrical
engineers are responsible for designing and maintaining telecommunications
systems, including cell phone networks, internet infrastructure, and satellite
communication systems.
15. What is the role
of electrical engineers in the computer industry?
Answer: Electrical
engineers are involved in the design and development of computer hardware and
software, including processors, memory devices, and operating systems.
16. What is the
difference between AC and DC current?
Answer: AC (alternating
current) changes direction periodically, while DC (direct current) flows in
only one direction.
17. What is Ohm's
law?
Answer: Ohm's law states
that the current through a conductor between two points is directly
proportional to the voltage across the two points.
18. What is a
transistor?
Answer: A transistor is
a semiconductor device used in electronic circuits to amplify or switch
electronic signals.
19. What is a
capacitor?
Answer: A capacitor is a
passive electronic component that stores energy in an electric field.
20. What is a
resistor?
Answer: A resistor is a
passive electronic component that limits the flow of electrical current in a
circuit.
21. What is a diode?
Answer: A diode is a
semiconductor device that allows current to flow in one direction only.
22. What is a
transformer?
Answer: A transformer is
an electrical device that transfers energy between two or more circuits through
electromagnetic induction.
23. What is
electrical current?
Answer:
Electrical current is the flow of charged particles (typically electrons)
through a conductor, measured in amperes (A).
24. What is voltage?
Answer: Voltage
is the difference in electrical potential energy between two points in a
circuit, measured in volts (V).
25. What is a
circuit breaker?
Answer: A
circuit breaker is an automatic safety device that interrupts the flow of
electrical current when it exceeds a safe level.
26. What is an
inductor?
Answer: An
inductor is an electrical device that stores energy in a magnetic field.
27. What is an
oscillator?
Answer: An
oscillator is an electronic circuit that produces a periodic waveform, such as
a sine wave or square wave.
28. What is a
microcontroller?
Answer: A
microcontroller is a small computer on a single integrated circuit that is used
to control electronic devices and systems.
29. What is electrical and electronics engineering?
Answer: Electrical and Electronics Engineering is a branch of engineering that deals with the study and application of electricity, electronics, and electromagnetism. It involves the design, development, testing, and maintenance of electrical and electronic systems and devices such as power generation and distribution systems, communication systems, control systems, medical devices, and consumer electronics.
Electrical and Electronics engineers work on a wide range of projects, from designing electrical and electronic components and systems to developing new products utilizing technology advancements. They may work in research and development, manufacturing, or maintenance and repair of electronic and electrical equipment and systems.
Typical subjects covered in Electrical and Electronics Engineering include circuit analysis, electronics, digital systems, control systems, signal processing, and electromagnetic fields. Graduates of this field can find employment in diverse industries including telecommunications, power generation and distribution, automotive, aerospace, medical equipment and consumer electronics.
30. What was the first practical application of electrical engineering?
Answer: The first practical application of electrical engineering was the development of the telegraph in the mid-19th century. The telegraph enabled messages to be sent across long distances, revolutionizing communication and commerce. The first telegraph system was developed by Samuel Morse in 1837, and it was quickly adopted in Europe and North America.
The telegraph system relied on electrical circuits and electromagnets to transmit coded messages over long distances. Electrical engineers played a key role in developing and improving the telegraph system, designing and building telegraph lines, repeaters, and signal amplifiers to extend the range and capacity of the system.
The success of the telegraph system paved the way for further developments in electrical engineering, including the telephone, radio, and other communication and control systems that have transformed the modern world.
31. Which area of electrical engineering is best?
Answer: "Best" is subjective and depends on individual interests, skills, and career goals. Electrical engineering is a broad field with many different specializations, and each area has its own unique challenges and opportunities. Some popular areas of electrical engineering include:
1. Power Systems Engineering: Deals with the generation, transmission, and distribution of electrical power.
2. Control Systems Engineering: Concerned with designing and analyzing systems that regulate or control other systems or processes to achieve desired objectives.
3. Electronics Engineering: Deals with the design and development of electronic circuits, devices, and systems.
4. Signal Processing: Concerned with the manipulation, analysis, and interpretation of signals such as sound, images, and sensor data.
5. Communications Engineering: Focuses on the design, development, and optimization of communication systems such as radio, television, and the internet.
Ultimately, the best area of electrical engineering is one that aligns with your interests and career goals. It's important to explore different areas of electrical engineering to find the one that suits you best.
32. What is an electrical angle plug?
An electrical angle plug refers to a type of electrical plug that has a specific angular design, allowing for convenient insertion and connection to an outlet in tight spaces.
33. What is a high voltage surge arrester? What is its working principle?
A high voltage surge arrester, also known as a lightning arrester, is a protective device used in electrical power systems to divert or suppress high-voltage surges caused by lightning strikes or switching operations. It works by providing a low-resistance path to ground, safely dissipating the surge energy and protecting the equipment from damage.
34.
What is the difference between stators, dol, star delta, forward, and reverse?Stators are stationary components in electric machines that surround the rotating rotor. DOL (Direct-On-Line) is a starting method for electric motors where the motor is directly connected to the power supply. Star-Delta is a starting method that reduces the motor's starting current. Forward and reverse refer to the direction of rotation of a motor or machine.
35. What are some ways to prevent the failure of an electrolytic capacitor?
Some ways to prevent electrolytic capacitor failure include proper voltage rating, temperature control, and avoiding reverse polarity.
36. Why do capacitors fail at short circuit conditions?
Capacitors can fail at short circuit conditions due to excessive current flow, leading to overheating and potential damage to the capacitor.
37. Which capacitor is needed in a 380V, 20hp motor?
The specific capacitor needed for a 380V, 20hp motor depends on its specifications.
38. What are some of the most-wanted jobs in engineering, both for those with and without a master's degree?
Some of the most-wanted engineering jobs, both for those with and without a master's degree, include software engineer, electrical engineer, mechanical engineer, civil engineer, biomedical engineer, aerospace engineer, environmental engineer, and chemical engineer. These fields offer a wide range of opportunities in various industries, including technology, construction, healthcare, and manufacturing.
39.
What happens if a 60Hz motor is driven at 50Hz? The voltage is the same. If a 60Hz motor is driven at 50Hz with the same voltage, it will run at a lower speed and may experience increased heat generation
40. What are the best electrical and electronics engineering programs in Pakistan?
Some of the top electrical and electronics engineering programs in Pakistan include those offered by NUST, UET Lahore, and PIEAS.
41. What is the definition of a fixture in electrical engineering?
In electrical engineering, a fixture refers to a device that is permanently installed or attached to a building's electrical system.
42. What branch of electrical engineering deals with VLSI?
The branch of electrical engineering that deals with VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) is called Integrated Circuit (IC) Design.
43. Can I put only 30 watts of 12 volt LEDs on a 250 watt 12 volt transformer?
Yes, you can safely put 30 watts of 12 volt LEDs on a 250 watt 12 volt transformer.
44. What are some good sources for electronics and electrical engineering students to learn about advanced topics in power electronics?
Some good sources for electronics and electrical engineering students to learn about advanced topics in power electronics include textbooks, online courses, and academic journals.
45. What are the responsibilities of an engineer in DPP?
The responsibilities of an engineer in DPP (Distribution Power Planning) typically include designing, analyzing, and optimizing electrical distribution systems.
46. What is the approximate Ka rating of a grid-tied inverter?
The approximate Ka rating of a grid-tied inverter typically ranges from 1.0 to 2.5, depending on the specific model and application.
47. With aid of sketches, what are the types of cables used in electrical?
In electrical installations, there are several types of cables commonly used. Here are sketches and descriptions of three common types:
1. Non-Metallic Sheathed Cable (NM Cable):
- Also known as Romex or NMC cable.
- Consists of two or more insulated conductors and a bare or insulated ground wire.
- Typically used for residential wiring, indoor applications, and dry locations.
Sketch:
```
________
| | |
| | |<-- Insulated Conductors
|___|___|
| | |<-- Bare or Insulated Ground Wire
```
2. Armored Cable (AC):
- Also known as BX or AC cable.
- Consists of insulated conductors protected by a flexible metal armor casing.
- Offers better protection against physical damage.
- Commonly used in commercial and industrial applications.
Sketch:
```
_________
| | |
| | |<-- Insulated Conductors
|___|_____|
|_________|<-- Metal Armor Casing
```
3. Flexible Metal Conduit (FMC):
- Also known as Greenfield or Flex conduit.
- Consists of a flexible metal outer covering and insulated conductors inside.
- Provides good flexibility for ease of installation.
- Often used for short runs, exposed wiring, or where flexibility is required.
Sketch:
```
___________
| | |
| | |<-- Insulated Conductors
|___|_______|
|___________|<-- Flexible Metal Outer Covering
```
Note: The sketches provided are simplified representations for illustrative purposes and may not reflect
the exact proportions or dimensions of the cables.
48. What is the natural frequency of a rotating shaft?
The natural frequency of a rotating shaft depends on its geometry, material properties, and boundary conditions.
50. What are the most common vehicle modes for Transformers?
The most common vehicle modes for Transformers include cars, trucks, motorcycles, jets, tanks, helicopters, and construction vehicles.
51. How long would it take to learn a basic amount of electrical engineering?
The time required to learn a basic amount of electrical engineering can vary, but it typically takes several months to a year of dedicated study and practice.
52. What should I learn for my career as an electrical engineer?
To pursue a career as an electrical engineer, it is essential to learn fundamental concepts in circuits, electronics, control systems, and power systems.
53. What can someone do with an electrical engineering degree?
With an electrical engineering degree, one can pursue careers in fields such as power systems, electronics, telecommunications, automation, renewable energy, and research.
54. What kind of courses should mechanical engineering students take in electrical engineering if they want to gain a deep knowledge in designing electrical systems and machines in addition to electronics?
To gain a deep knowledge in designing electrical systems and machines, mechanical engineering students can consider taking courses in power systems, electric machines, control systems, mechatronics, and electromechanical systems.
55. What are the best websites to learn Electronics & Communication engineering?
There are several websites where you can learn Electronics & Communication engineering, including Khan Academy, Coursera, edX, MIT OpenCourseWare, and All About Circuits.
56. How do electrical engineers contribute to the field of robotics?
Electrical engineers contribute to robotics by designing and implementing the electrical systems, circuits, and components necessary for the operation and control of robots.
57. What are some notable historical advancements in electrical engineering?
Some notable historical advancements in electrical engineering include the development of the telegraph, electric power systems, the invention of the transistor, and the creation of integrated circuits.
58. What are some examples of electronic or electrical equipment that are used commonly for communication?
Some examples of commonly used electronic or electrical equipment for communication include smartphones, telephones, radios, televisions, and computers.
59. What is the return on investment (ROI) for an electrical and electronics engineering student? What is the career scope for this type of engineer after completing the course?
The return on investment (ROI) for an electrical and electronics engineering student can be substantial, with opportunities in various industries such as power, telecommunications, automation, and renewable
energy, offering a wide career scope with potential for growth and innovation.
60. Can an electrical engineer do a master's in mining engineering?
Yes, an electrical engineer can pursue a master's degree in mining engineering, provided they meet the admission requirements.
61. What are some effective ways for energy companies to engage consumers in energy conservation efforts during the summer?
Some effective ways for energy companies to engage consumers in energy conservation efforts during the summer include offering incentives, providing energy-saving tips and resources, conducting awareness campaigns, and promoting the use of energy-efficient appliances.
62. What are some good websites for electrical engineering students who want to learn by doing practical work on their own without attending labs or classes?
Some good websites for electrical engineering students to learn practical work independently are: All About Circuits, Electronics Hub, and Khan Academy.
63. What does two axis AC motor mean?
A two-axis AC motor refers to a motor that has two independent axes of rotation or motion.
64. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using electric wires over optical fibers in long distance communication?
Advantages of electric wires: widespread infrastructure, lower equipment costs. Disadvantages: signal degradation over long distances, susceptibility to interference. Optical fibers offer higher bandwidth, immunity to interference, but require expensive infrastructure deployment.
65. What is the difference between an MS in Electrical Engineering and an MS in Computer Engineering? Which one should be chosen and why?
An MS in Electrical Engineering focuses on a broad range of electrical systems, including power, electronics, and communications. An MS in Computer Engineering emphasizes computer hardware and software design. The choice depends on personal interests and career goals, considering whether one prefers a more hardware-centric or software-centric focus.
66.What are the best colleges for an ECE student to get a job after college?
There are several renowned colleges that provide excellent opportunities for ECE students to secure jobs after graduation. Some notable institutions include Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Stanford University, University of California-Berkeley, California Institute of Technology (Caltech), and Carnegie Mellon University.
67. What happens if I get shocked by 480 volts? Will I survive like I would get shocked by 120 volts?
Getting shocked by 480 volts poses a significantly higher risk compared to 120 volts. It can cause severe injuries, including burns, internal damage, cardiac arrest, and is potentially fatal.
68. What are the differences between electrical and computer science degrees? Which degree is better for getting a job after graduation?
Electrical engineering focuses on the study of electrical systems, electronics, and power generation. Computer science involves the study of algorithms, programming, and computer systems. Both degrees have good job prospects, but the choice depends on individual interests and career goals.
69. How do you use four contactors as motor control?
Using four contactors for motor control typically involves a configuration known as a "star-delta" or "wye-delta" starter. This arrangement allows for reduced voltage starting of the motor, providing a smoother and less abrupt transition during startup.
70. What is something electrical engineers know that others don't?
One key aspect that electrical engineers know is the detailed understanding of electrical circuits, components, and systems. They possess knowledge about designing, analyzing, and troubleshooting electrical systems, which sets them apart from those without a specialized electrical engineering background.
71. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using coaxial or optical fiber TV cabling to the house (not inside)?
Advantages of coaxial TV cabling include wide availability, compatibility with existing infrastructure, and resistance to electromagnetic interference. Optical fiber cabling offers higher bandwidth, longer transmission distances, and immunity to electrical interference. Disadvantages include higher cost and potential fragility of optical fiber.
72. What is the difference between single mode and multi-mode optical fibers? Which one has more loss?
Single-mode optical fiber allows for a single mode of light propagation, providing a narrower core size and longer transmission distances. It has lower loss compared to multi-mode fiber, which allows for multiple modes of light propagation and is typically used for shorter distance applications.
73. What is the purpose of a spacer in electrical machines?
The purpose of a spacer in electrical machines is to provide physical separation and maintain specific distances between different components, such as coils, windings, or stator and rotor assemblies.
74. What are the benefits of computer science engineering and electrical engineering? Which one pays better?
Both computer science engineering and electrical engineering offer unique benefits. Computer science engineering provides expertise in software development, artificial intelligence, and data science. Electrical engineering focuses on power systems, electronics, and telecommunications. Salary levels vary depending on factors such as experience, location, and industry demand.
75. I'm studying Electrical and Electronic Engineering. Will Japan be a good option to work in?
Yes, Japan can be a good option to work in for professionals studying Electrical and Electronic Engineering. Japan is known for its technological advancements and has a strong presence in the electronics industry.
76. How do you assess electrical hazards in your workplace?
To assess electrical hazards in the workplace, follow these steps:
1. Identify potential hazards like exposed wires.
2. Inspect electrical equipment for damage.
3. Ensure proper grounding and insulation.
4. Conduct regular maintenance.
5. Train employees on safe practices.
6. Use safety devices like circuit breakers.
7. Implement an emergency response plan.
8. Comply with electrical codes and standards.
77. How do you prevent overheating and damage in electrical machines?
Preventing overheating and damage in electrical machines involves:
1. Adequate ventilation and cooling systems.
2. Regular maintenance to check for wear and tear.
3. Monitoring temperature with sensors.
4. Proper sizing and insulation of wires.
5. Avoiding overloading circuits.
6. Using thermal protection devices.
7. Ensuring clean surroundings to prevent dust accumulation.
78. How can you assess and mitigate electrical hazards from lightning strikes?
Assessing and mitigating electrical hazards from lightning strikes is crucial to protect both people and property. Here's a step-by-step guide on how to do this:
Assessment:
1. **Risk Assessment**: Begin by assessing the risk of lightning strikes in your area. Research local weather patterns and historical lightning strike data to understand the likelihood of lightning strikes.
2. **Site Assessment**: Inspect your property or facility for potential lightning hazards. Identify tall structures, conductive materials, and electrical systems that may be vulnerable to lightning strikes.
3. **Lightning Protection System**: Check if your facility has a lightning protection system (LPS) in place. This typically includes lightning rods, conductive cables, and grounding systems.
Mitigation:
1. **Install Lightning Protection Systems**: If your property lacks lightning protection, consider installing one. A lightning protection system can help divert the electrical energy from a lightning strike safely into the ground, preventing damage to the structure or electrical systems. Consult a professional for installation.
2. **Grounding**: Ensure that your electrical and communication systems have proper grounding. Grounding dissipates electrical energy safely into the earth, reducing the risk of electrical damage or fires during a lightning strike.
3. **Surge Protection**: Install surge protectors on sensitive electronic equipment and appliances. These devices help to divert power surges caused by lightning away from your equipment.
4. **Emergency Power Systems**: Implement backup power systems like uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) or backup generators to maintain critical operations during power outages caused by lightning strikes.
5. **Training and Awareness**: Educate employees or residents on lightning safety. Teach them to stay indoors during a storm, unplug electronic equipment, and avoid direct contact with conductive materials during a lightning event.
6. **Lightning Rod Maintenance**: Regularly inspect and maintain lightning rods, cables, and grounding systems. Damaged or corroded components may reduce the system's effectiveness.
7. **Fire Prevention**: Lightning strikes can start fires. Ensure that fire prevention measures are in place, including fire extinguishers, sprinkler systems, and fire alarms.
8. **Emergency Response Plan**: Develop an emergency response plan that outlines the actions to take during a lightning storm. This should include evacuation procedures and safe shelter locations.
9. **Monitoring Weather Alerts**: Stay informed about weather conditions by monitoring local weather forecasts and lightning detection systems. Implement automated alerts for your facility to take precautionary actions when a storm is approaching.
10. **Insurance**: Review your insurance policy to ensure it covers lightning-related damage. If necessary, consider additional coverage for lightning strikes.
Remember that lightning is a highly unpredictable natural phenomenon. While these measures can help mitigate electrical hazards, it's essential to be prepared and prioritize safety. Consulting with a professional in lightning protection is advisable, as they can assess the specific needs of your property and provide tailored solutions.
79. What safety measures are necessary for solar panel maintenance?
Safety measures for solar panel maintenance include turning off the solar system, wearing appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), avoiding contact with live electrical parts, and ensuring safe ladder use. Regularly inspect for damage, clean panels as needed, and schedule professional maintenance when necessary to maximize efficiency and safety.